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BENJAMIN F. FAHR-AR, OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELI", EDWARD M. WESSON, AND HENRY WILLIS, OF SAME IJLAGE:

Laim Parmi No. 64,512, @zaad May 7, 18er.

IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND VENTILATION OP THE WALLS 0I' BUILDINGS.

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TO ALL WIIOM- IT MAY CONCERN:

Be itknown that I, BENJAMIN F. FARRAR, of Springfield, in the county of Hampden, and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Construction and Ventilation of the Walls of Houses and other Buildings; and Ih'ereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure I is a perspective view of wall and chimney.

Figure 2, a section of the wall; and

Figure 3, a perspective view of brick or block.

My invent-ion relatesto the construction and ventilation of the walls of houses and other buildings, when composed of brick, stone, lime and sand, cement, or other similar material. As heretofore constructed., such walls gather moisture from the atmosphere or from storms, rendering them damp and unhealthy for the occupants. To obviate this diiculty various methods have been resorted to7 particularly the construction of small chambers or cells for the reception of air in the interior of the walls. But in all the-methods heretofore adopted, so far asv my knowledge extends, no provision has been made for the introduction of fresh air into, or the escape of dead air from, such cells or chambers, and the air, therefore, therein confined, remains dead or stagnant. But it is a well-known fact that a free circulation of air tends to dissipate moisture and promote the process of eva-poration, and my improved wall is constructed with a view to this principle. And in carrying out my invention I introduce into the walls of houses and other buildings, when composed of brick, stone, lime and sand, coment, or other similar material, what I call a system of horizontal ventilation, that is, a free circulation of air through the interior of such walls, whereby they are kept dry and comfortable. To accomplish this object I construct my improved wall with a series of horizontal air-ducts, leading through the interior of such wall, as seen'in figs. I and 2; and these air-ducts c c c I construct between every tier or alternate tier of bricks or building-blocks, or as often as desirable, and I extend such ducts fr om one end of the wall to the other, unless they are interrupted by windows, doors, or some like impediment, in which case I leave a space on the sides and over the top of such windows or doors, between the-brick and the casing or frame of the windows or doors, thus allowing the air to circulate freely around and over them. And further, I construct the air-ducts c c c with the ends thereofI opening into the chimney or ue, at cach corner of the building, or at such other places as may be found necessary or convenient, as seen in ig. 1. 'My object in opening the ends of the air-ducts c c c into the fines or chimneys of the building is to promote the circulation of air through the ducts, which would naturally follow and be increased by the heat rising through such chimneys. And still further to promote the circulation of air through the ducts c c c, the chimney or liue B, at one end of the duct, may be constructed open at the 'bottom and closed at the top, while the chimney or lue at the other` end of the duct is constructed open at the top and closed at the bottom, in which case hot air may be introduced into the chimney closed at the top, and forced through the ducts c c c, passing out of the other chimney, by which means any wall, however damp, may be eifectually dried and warmed. And further, if desired, an ordinary register may be placed on the inside of my improved wall, communicating from theroom with one or more of the air-ducts, thus affording ventilation for the room as well as improving that of the wall. To facilitate the building of walls on vthe principle herein described, I have invented a new pattern of a brick, a, or building-block, which I make of common clay, stone, lime and sand, cement, or any other similar or suitable material, and I construct my bricks or building-blocks with a groove or channel on the opposite side thereof, as seen in fig. 3. The width and depth 0f the groove or channel c I make in proportion to the size of the brick or block, but usually cf a depth equal to about one-third-of the thickness of the brick or block, and of a width about equal to thc depth, these proportions giving the largest channel consistent with the strength of the block. The size or dimensions of the brick or block a are immaterial, varying to suit circumstances, and ranging from two inches thick, four wide, and eight long, to fivc inches in thickness, ten in width, and twenty in length, or greater or smaller. My improved'bricks or blocks when laid up in walls present the ordinary external appearance as seen in iig. 1. But being grooved on the opposite sides, and the groove of one being placed directly over that of another, I thus form the air-ducts c c c, leading from one end of the wall to the other, or from one chimney or line to another, except when obstructed by windows, doors, or the like, in which case I proceed as above stated. But the same end, that is, continuous air-duets leadinnr through the wall herizontally, may be attained by constructing the bricks or blocks with a groove or channel on but one side, or by perforating the brielis or blocks lengthwise, with one or more holes, or by bevelling oil` one edge or co1 ner of the brick or bleek; or, finally, the saine end may be attained with the ordinary brick by laying),` the first tier tight or in continuons Contact, and placing the bricks composing the second tier in two continuous lines, leaving a space or channel between them, the third tier being mede tight, and the fourth with a. channel, and so on. But I consider all these Variations eqnall) of luy invention, if they form air-ducts leading through the wulln horizontally, from one end thereof to the other, or from one Chimney or lue to another, thuis allowin a free circulation of air (heated if desired) through the entire walls, and accomplishing a horizontal ventilation thereof.

l. I claim the wall of a house or other building, when constructed with horizontal air-ducts c e e, such nir- Lluets and their openings being arranged and eorubincd substantially in the manner and for the purpose Inpeeified.

2. I claim a brick or building-block, when constructed with a channel or groove extending the entire length of one 0r both sides, as and for the purpose specified.

' BENI F. FAR RAR. Witnesses L. C. FROST,

SIDNEY Snxnnns. 

